Equal Representation Act of 2025

This bill proposes significant changes to the decennial census and the method for apportioning Representatives in Congress. It mandates that the 2030 decennial census and all subsequent censuses include a specific question requiring respondents to indicate their citizenship status for themselves and all household members. The options provided would distinguish between U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, lawfully residing aliens, and unlawfully residing aliens. Beyond data collection, the bill requires the Secretary to publicly release state-level statistics, disaggregated by these four citizenship categories, within 120 days of each census completion. Crucially, it amends current law to ensure that the apportionment of Representatives will be determined solely by the number of United States citizens in each state, rather than the total population. This fundamental shift in how congressional seats are allocated would apply starting with the apportionment following the 2030 decennial census.