This bill proposes significant changes to the decennial census and congressional apportionment processes. Beginning with the 2030 census, it mandates the inclusion of a citizenship question , requiring respondents to indicate whether individuals in their household are U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, lawfully residing aliens, or unlawfully residing aliens. Following the census, the Secretary must publicly report the number of persons per state, disaggregated by these four categories, within 120 days. A core provision of the bill is to modify the basis for the apportionment of Representatives and electoral votes. It explicitly excludes non-citizens from the population count used for this purpose, meaning only U.S. citizens would be considered for determining congressional representation. This fundamental shift from the current practice of counting all persons would be effective from the 2030 census and subsequent censuses. Additionally, the bill introduces a new restriction on Congressional redistricting . States would be prohibited from conducting more than one congressional redistricting after a decennial apportionment, unless a court mandates further redistricting to comply with the Constitution or enforce the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This limitation applies to redistricting occurring after the November 2024 election and does not impact state or local election redistricting processes.