This bill introduces significant reforms to foreign intelligence surveillance authorities, primarily focusing on strengthening protections for United States persons and individuals located within the United States. A key provision establishes a clear prohibition against " reverse targeting ," which prevents intelligence agencies from intentionally targeting a non-United States person abroad if a significant purpose is to acquire information from a known United States person or someone believed to be in the U.S. Exceptions to this reverse targeting prohibition are narrowly defined, allowing such acquisition only in cases of an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm , with subsequent notification to oversight bodies, or with the explicit consent of the covered person. The bill also mandates that federal government officers or employees obtain a court order or warrant before intentionally targeting a covered person to acquire sensitive data such as communications content, location information, or web browsing history, or to use pen register/trap and trace devices. Furthermore, the legislation strengthens existing prohibitions against the warrantless acquisition of domestic communications under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) by clarifying that these protections apply to communications "known or believed" to be domestic. Finally, the bill includes a short-term extension of Section 702 of FISA, pushing its repeal date from June 12, 2026, to September 18, 2026 , allowing for continued operation of this authority while these new safeguards are implemented.