This comprehensive bill, titled the Government Surveillance Reform Act of 2026, aims to overhaul various government surveillance authorities, focusing on enhanced privacy protections for United States persons and increased transparency and oversight. It introduces significant changes to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), particularly Section 702, and expands privacy safeguards to other federal law enforcement and intelligence activities. Under Title I, the bill prohibits warrantless queries of U.S. person communications collected under Section 702 of FISA, with narrow exceptions for existing warrants, consent, emergencies involving imminent harm, or defensive cybersecurity. It also bans "reverse targeting" of U.S. persons and limits the use of Section 702-acquired information in criminal, civil, and administrative proceedings. Furthermore, it mandates a primary foreign intelligence purpose for Section 702 acquisitions and requires FISA Court supervision for demands for technical assistance from electronic communication service providers. Title I also establishes a 5-year data retention limit for U.S. person information collected under Section 702, unless subject to specific legal preservation obligations. It requires annual reports to Congress on sensitive queries and repeals certain expanded definitions and querying requirements. Notably, this title extends Section 702 of FISA for an additional four years, contingent on the implementation of these reforms. Title II, known as the "Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act," prohibits federal law enforcement agencies from purchasing personal data from data brokers. This prohibition includes data directly or indirectly obtained from covered organizations, with specific exceptions for lawfully obtained public data, whistleblower disclosures, employment-related uses, background checks, and data obtained through compulsory legal process. It also establishes minimization procedures for data acquisition and retention and requires transparency reports from state and local law enforcement agencies that acquire such data using federal funds. Additional reforms under Title III introduce a warrant requirement for acquisitions intentionally targeting U.S. persons for communications content, location information, web browsing history, or internet search history. It strengthens accuracy procedures for all FISA applications, requiring the disclosure of all relevant information that might call into question accuracy or reliability. The bill also clarifies the definition of "derived" information for notification purposes and sunsets the grandfather clause of Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act. Title III significantly expands the role of amici curiae in the FISA Court, making their appointment mandatory in cases involving novel legal interpretations, significant constitutional concerns, or new technologies, and granting them authority to seek review of court decisions. It also mandates the declassification of significant FISA Court decisions and establishes clear accountability procedures for federal employees who commit willful, knowing, reckless, or negligent violations of surveillance laws, including escalating consequences. Title IV extends many of these privacy protections to foreign intelligence surveillance conducted outside of FISA authorities. It prohibits warrantless queries of U.S. person communications, bans reverse targeting, and sets data retention limits for information acquired for foreign intelligence purposes. This title also restricts the intelligence community's acquisition of datasets containing U.S. person data without specific authorization, such as a FISA order, consent, or in emergency situations. Title VI introduces substantial reforms to the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), requiring warrants for historical location information, web browsing records, and search query records. It also mandates warrants for federal entities using real-time tracking devices and ensures consistent protections for phone and app-based call and texting records. The bill updates the Email Privacy Act to require warrants for email content and extends ECPA protections to data held by interactive computing services and data brokers, while also protecting data entrusted to intermediary service providers. Finally, Title VII establishes the "Protection of Car Data from Federal Warrantless Searches," prohibiting federal law enforcement from accessing "covered vehicle data" without a warrant, except in cases of consent, emergencies, or specific motor vehicle safety data. The bill also enhances intelligence transparency (Title VIII) through more granular annual reports from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts and the Director of National Intelligence, including estimates of U.S. persons whose communications are collected under Section 702, and requires reports on FISA use regarding protected activities and classes.