The "Expanding Market Access Act" seeks to significantly enhance market access for United States agricultural commodities by amending the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978. A key provision directs the Secretary of Agriculture to provide technical assistance to improve infrastructure in new and developing foreign markets, such as cold chain capacity and port improvements, to prevent damage or loss of U.S. agricultural commodities. This new technical assistance program is allocated specific funding limits, starting with $1.5 million for fiscal year 2027 and increasing to $5 million annually from fiscal year 2028 onwards. The bill also mandates a biennial report on the competitiveness of United States specialty crops, to be prepared by the Secretary in consultation with the United States Trade Representative. This comprehensive report must identify and analyze foreign countries' acts, policies, or practices that create significant barriers or distortions to U.S. specialty crop exports, including tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers. It also requires an assessment of foreign practices that enhance the competitiveness of imported specialty crops and any differences in food safety regulations posing risks to U.S. consumers. Furthermore, the legislation substantially increases and extends funding for agricultural trade promotion programs. Total funding for these programs will rise from $255 million in fiscal year 2026 to $500 million in fiscal year 2027, and then to $533 million for each fiscal year from 2028 through 2031. Specific allocations for programs like the Market Access Program and the Foreign Market Development Cooperator Program are also significantly boosted and extended through 2031, ensuring sustained support for U.S. agricultural exports.