This legislation mandates a comprehensive report on emerging threats to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, recognizing that their security is vital to U.S. national interests. The bill emphasizes the importance of strengthening security cooperation given ongoing belligerence from the Russian Federation and highlights the Baltic countries' contributions as valued NATO members. Within 180 days of enactment, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, must submit this report to relevant congressional committees. It will cover military, cyber, hybrid, and political threats , identifying the roles of actors such as Russia, Belarus, China, and Iran in advancing these dangers, and assess the current posture of U.S. and NATO forces in the Baltic region for deterrence purposes. Additionally, the report must include specific recommendations for strengthening the deterrence posture, cybersecurity infrastructure, and democratic resilience of the Baltic countries. It will also explore opportunities to enhance bilateral and multilateral defense cooperation, including through initiatives like the Baltic Security Initiative, to bolster the strategic partnership between the United States and the Baltic nations.