This bill aims to increase transparency, accountability, and community engagement within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) by establishing new oversight bodies and mandating significant reforms. It creates a Department of Homeland Security Border Oversight Commission , an independent 30-member body with northern and southern border subcommittees. This Commission, composed of members with diverse expertise, is tasked with developing recommendations for border enforcement policies, evaluating their impact on communities, and assessing agent safety and training programs. The legislation also establishes an Ombudsman for Border and Immigration-Related Concerns within DHS, reporting directly to the Secretary to ensure independence. The Ombudsman's functions include receiving and resolving complaints, investigating grievances, inspecting facilities, and assisting individuals impacted by DHS actions or use of force. A key provision is the creation of a uniform, standardized complaint process with independent review, public reporting, and an online detainee locator system, alongside the establishment of Border Communities Liaison Offices in each Border Patrol sector to foster cooperation and feedback. To improve agent professionalism and safety, the bill mandates extensive training and continuing education for U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents and officers. This includes initial training of up to 23 weeks and 8 hours of annual continuing education, covering topics such as the Fourth Amendment, community relations, interdiction techniques, handling vulnerable populations, cultural awareness, and professional conduct. Supervisory personnel will also receive specialized training and annual evaluations to ensure effective management and adherence to policies. The bill enhances accountability through comprehensive data collection requirements for law enforcement officials conducting patrol stops or detentions, including details on perceived demographics, items seized, and outcomes. CBP is also required to collect data on checkpoints, and DHS must use this information for policy decisions and provide annual public reports to Congress. Additionally, the Secretary of Homeland Security must assess and update guidelines for managing ports of entry, addressing staffing, technology, and conduct standards, especially concerning vulnerable populations. A critical provision prohibits the separation of children from their parents or legal guardians solely for the purpose of deterring migration or promoting immigration law compliance. Exceptions are narrowly defined, requiring state court orders or child welfare agency determinations of abuse, neglect, or danger, and mandating independent authorization by a qualified child welfare expert within 48 hours. Violations can lead to injunctive relief and significant penalties, with a savings clause ensuring existing legal rights are not limited. Finally, the legislation mandates numerous reports to Congress and the public to ensure ongoing oversight. These include annual CBP reports on sector missions and personnel needs, joint CBP/ICE reports on migrant deaths , and Government Accountability Office (GAO) studies on use of force policies , body-worn camera effectiveness, and the impact of border enforcement technologies on communities. The GAO is also tasked with assessing CBP's activities and authority, and the feasibility of establishing an alternate immigration court system .