This legislation grants the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) new authority to conduct microbial sampling on concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). This authority is specifically for situations where sampling is deemed necessary to facilitate a foodborne illness outbreak investigation, determine the root cause of an outbreak, or address other public health concerns. Under this bill, the FDA Secretary may request access to a CAFO for sampling, and the operation must provide reasonable access , which includes sampling plants, animals, water, and the environment. While CAFOs can impose reasonable conditions on access, these conditions must not prevent the FDA from conducting appropriate sampling within a reasonable timeframe. Refusal to grant such reasonable access for microbial sampling would constitute a prohibited act under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The legislation clarifies that this authority does not impose additional requirements beyond microbial sampling for foods regulated by the Department of Agriculture. Furthermore, data collected through this sampling must be shared with the Department of Agriculture and relevant State and Federal public health agencies to aid in detecting, investigating, or preventing foodborne illness.