This bill grants the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) new authority to conduct microbial sampling on concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The FDA may request access to CAFOs when necessary to facilitate a foodborne illness outbreak investigation , determine the root cause of an outbreak, or address other public health needs. CAFOs would be required to provide reasonable access for this sampling, which can include plants, animals, water, and the environment, though they may place reasonable conditions on access that do not impede the sampling. The legislation clarifies that this authority is limited to microbial sampling and does not impose additional requirements on foods under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture. Furthermore, the FDA must ensure that data collected through this sampling is made available to the Secretary of Agriculture and relevant State and Federal public health agencies to aid in detecting, investigating, or preventing foodborne illness. Refusal to provide reasonable access for microbial sampling would be considered a prohibited act under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.