This bill, known as the "Protecting Military Installations and Ranges Act of 2025," significantly expands the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). Its primary goal is to enhance national security by scrutinizing real estate transactions near sensitive military sites. Specifically, it targets purchases or leases by foreign persons linked to the governments of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, or the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The legislation amends the Defense Production Act of 1950 to redefine a "covered transaction" to include the acquisition of private or public real estate within 100 miles of a military installation or 50 miles of military airspace, such as training routes or special use airspace. For these specific transactions involving the designated adversarial nations, CFIUS is now mandated to unilaterally initiate a review. Furthermore, the bill requires CFIUS to notify relevant Senators and House Representatives about these reviews. Beyond expanding CFIUS's review powers, the bill also imposes new restrictions on the approval of energy projects. If the real property for a proposed energy project is under CFIUS review due to foreign ownership concerns, the Secretary of Defense cannot complete their assessment until CFIUS concludes its action. Should CFIUS determine that such a real estate transaction threatens national security and refers it to the President, the Secretary of Defense is then required to find the associated energy project poses an unacceptable risk, effectively preventing its approval by the Secretary of Transportation.