The "Protecting Military Installations and Ranges Act of 2025" significantly expands the authority of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to safeguard national security. It mandates CFIUS review of specific real estate transactions involving foreign adversaries near sensitive U.S. military locations, aiming to prevent hostile foreign influence or espionage activities close to critical defense infrastructure. Specifically, the bill amends the Defense Production Act of 1950 to define as a "covered transaction" any purchase or lease of real estate by a foreign person connected to or subsidized by the governments of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, or the Democratic People's Republic of Korea . These transactions fall under review if the property is located within 100 miles of a military installation or 50 miles of military airspace , including training routes, special use airspace, controlled firing areas, or military operations areas. CFIUS is required to unilaterally initiate reviews for these transactions, ensuring they are not overlooked, and must notify relevant Members of Congress. Furthermore, the legislation introduces special provisions concerning energy projects proposed on real property subject to these new CFIUS reviews. If such a property is under CFIUS investigation, the Secretary of Defense cannot complete its review of the energy project until CFIUS concludes its action. Should CFIUS determine the real estate transaction threatens national security and refers it to the President, the Secretary of Defense is then mandated to find the associated energy project poses an unacceptable risk to national security , effectively blocking its approval. The Secretary of Transportation is also prohibited from issuing determinations for these energy projects until both CFIUS and the Department of Defense have completed their respective reviews.