This legislation, known as the PREEMIE Reauthorization Act of 2025, aims to continue and enhance federal efforts to address premature births. It reauthorizes funding for research related to preterm labor and delivery, as well as the care and outcomes of preterm and low birthweight infants, extending it for fiscal years 2025 through 2029. The Act also strengthens the requirement for an interagency working group, mandating that the Secretary of Health and Human Services establish this group within 18 months to foster collaboration on prematurity. Furthermore, it directs the Secretary to commission a comprehensive study on premature births in the United States by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This study will convene a committee of experts to assess various critical aspects of preterm birth. Key topics include the financial costs of premature birth to society, factors influencing preterm birth rates, and opportunities for earlier detection of risk factors. The report will also analyze targeted research strategies for effective treatments, best practices from State programs, and precision medicine approaches to prevention and care.