This bill, titled the "Making American Elections Great Again Act," proposes significant changes to the decennial census and federal election procedures. It mandates that the Secretary of Commerce conduct a decennial census on the date of the Act's enactment and every 10 years thereafter, requiring a checkbox on census questionnaires for individuals to indicate their U.S. citizenship status. A core provision of the bill is to base the apportionment of Representatives in Congress and the allocation of electoral votes solely on the number of U.S. citizens, explicitly excluding non-citizens from these counts. States would then be required to undertake redistricting based on this citizen-only apportionment. These changes aim to redefine how political representation is determined at the federal level. Furthermore, the bill establishes new requirements for voting in federal elections, effective for the November 2026 general election and subsequent elections. Individuals voting in person or by mail must present or submit both government photo identification and proof of United States citizenship . Acceptable forms of citizenship proof include a valid U.S. passport, certified birth certificate, or naturalization certificate. Voters unable to provide the required identification or proof of citizenship may cast a provisional ballot, but it will only be counted if their citizenship is subsequently verified. The legislation also amends the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 to introduce criminal penalties for actions such as providing material assistance to a noncitizen attempting to vote or issuing a ballot to an individual who fails to present the mandated identification and proof of citizenship.