The TPS Reform Act of 2025 fundamentally revises the process for designating, extending, and terminating Temporary Protected Status (TPS) under the Immigration and Nationality Act. This legislation shifts the authority for these actions from the executive branch to requiring an Act of Congress, thereby increasing legislative oversight and control over the program. For an initial TPS designation, Congress must pass an Act containing specific findings, such as an ongoing armed conflict, a severe environmental disaster with a foreign state request, or extraordinary conditions not contrary to U.S. national interest. The Act must also estimate the number of eligible nationals, their immigration status, and set a designation period not exceeding 18 months. Extensions would require a new Act of Congress finding that conditions persist, for a period not exceeding 12 months. Furthermore, the bill introduces a critical change to eligibility criteria, explicitly stating that an alien shall not be eligible for TPS if they lack a lawful immigration status . This provision significantly restricts who can qualify for TPS, potentially excluding many individuals who currently would be eligible. The Act also includes provisions for timely or early termination of TPS designations through congressional action and makes conforming amendments to update references to the Secretary of Homeland Security.