This resolution, S. RES. 136, formally affirms the foundational principles of the rule of law and the legitimacy of judicial review in the United States. It explicitly references Article III of the Constitution, which vests judicial power in the Supreme Court and lower federal courts. The resolution further underscores the judiciary's role by citing the landmark 1803 Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison , which established the principle that "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is." A key provision mandates that the executive branch must comply with all Federal court rulings. It also clarifies that if the executive branch disagrees with a ruling, it retains the option to appeal that ruling when legally authorized.