This bill aims to equalize federal firearms rights for spouses of U.S. Armed Forces members with those of the service members themselves. It specifically amends chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to address the receipt of firearms and the determination of residency for federal firearms law purposes. A key provision allows the spouse of an Armed Forces member to receive firearms and ammunition at the member's duty station, including those located outside the United States, mirroring the existing rights of service members. Furthermore, the bill clarifies that for federal firearms laws, a spouse's residency will be determined on the same basis as the service member's, encompassing their legal residence, the state of the member's permanent duty station, or the state where the member commutes from to their duty station. The amendments made by this Act are set to apply to conduct engaged in after 180 days following the date of its enactment.