The "Contraband Awareness Technology Catches Harmful Fentanyl Act," or CATCH Fentanyl Act, mandates the establishment of pilot projects to test and assess advanced technologies for improving cargo inspection at land ports of entry. These projects, to be implemented by the Secretary of Homeland Security through the CBP Innovation Team , aim to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of inspections for all conveyances. The primary goal is to assist U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel in detecting contraband, illegal drugs, illegal weapons, human smuggling , and other threats in both inbound and outbound traffic. The pilot projects must evaluate at least five types of nonintrusive inspection technology enhancements , including those leveraging artificial intelligence, machine learning, or other emerging technologies. Effectiveness will be judged on criteria such as accurate threat detection, increased inspection efficiency, reduced wait times, and cost-effectiveness, with input from the private sector. The program will run for five years, after which the Secretary must report to Congress on the technologies' effectiveness, recommendations for broader implementation, and a plan for integrating successful solutions across all land ports of entry. Importantly, the Act also requires reports on potential privacy, civil liberties, and civil rights impacts of these technologies, and explicitly states that no new appropriations are authorized to carry out its provisions.