The "Unearth Innovation Act" mandates the establishment of a mineral and mining innovation initiative within the Department of Energy (DOE) within 180 days of enactment. This initiative is designed to support the research, development, deployment, and commercialization of emerging technologies and practices for responsibly identifying, characterizing, mining, extracting, processing, recycling, and reprocessing minerals. The overarching goals include advancing domestic mineral resources, promoting circularity, fostering economic growth, and enhancing national security, while also coordinating with other agencies on safety and innovation. In carrying out this initiative, the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Secretary of the Interior, will identify, study, evaluate, test, and demonstrate hard rock mineral mining and unconventional mineral recovery technologies. Key areas of focus include improving the identification and characterization of domestic mineral resources, enhancing the environmental performance of mining operations, increasing efficiency and productivity, and promoting mine safety and reclamation. The bill also emphasizes research into critical mineral recycling technologies, including battery recycling, and strategies for improving the social acceptance of mining through community engagement and consultation with Indian Tribes. The DOE and Interior are authorized to collaborate with academic institutions, prioritizing mining universities, and other entities, with an authorization of $100,000,000 annually for fiscal years 2026 through 2035.