This bill aims to codify and clarify gender-neutral standards across several branches of the United States Armed Forces, specifically the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force. It explicitly prohibits the exclusion of service members from any occupational specialty, career field, or assignment solely on the basis of their gender. To ensure transparency and accountability, the bill mandates that the Secretary of Defense submit an annual report detailing any changes to occupational standards, as well as the number and reasons for involuntary reclassifications or separations, disaggregated by military occupational specialty and gender. Furthermore, the legislation modernizes existing provisions regarding occupational standards by making them universally gender-neutral and requiring them to be based on a scientifically rigorous process that predicts performance of actual, regular, and recurring duties, encompassing technical, tactical, cognitive, or physical abilities. It also stipulates a minimum 18-month implementation period for new standards, informed by Department of Defense health care providers and researchers. The bill enhances congressional oversight by requiring the Secretary of Defense to provide more comprehensive information, including estimated costs and supporting research, to congressional defense committees for any proposed changes, extending the review period from 60 to 180 days. Finally, the bill addresses a specific review concerning the operational effectiveness of Army and Marine Corps ground combat units. It directs the Secretary of Defense to provide Congress with the full, unredacted findings of this review, along with a detailed briefing on its methodology. The Comptroller General is also tasked with reviewing this report and any subsequent Department of Defense actions, ensuring independent scrutiny of the findings.