This bill, titled the "Blair Holt Firearm Owner Licensing and Record of Sale Act of 2026," aims to protect the public by implementing a comprehensive system for licensing firearm owners and recording firearm sales. Its primary purposes include ensuring that firearm owners are knowledgeable, restricting access to prohibited individuals, and facilitating the tracing of firearms used in crimes. The legislation defines "qualifying firearms" as handguns and semi-automatic rifles capable of accepting a detachable ammunition feeding device with a capacity of more than 10 rounds. Title I establishes a firearm owner licensing requirement , making it unlawful for individuals to possess a qualifying firearm without a valid federal or certified state license, with specific exemptions for law enforcement, military, and supervised minors. Applicants must submit personal information, a photograph, fingerprints, and certifications regarding their eligibility, including mental health history. The Attorney General will conduct a nationwide criminal background check and issue a tamper-resistant license valid for five years, or deny it with written notice and an appeal process. Title II mandates a record of sale or transfer system for qualifying firearms. It requires that all sales or transfers to unlicensed individuals be processed through a licensed dealer, who must verify the transferee's valid firearm owner license. Licensed dealers are then required to submit detailed reports of these transfers to the Attorney General, or to a certified state agency, for inclusion in a newly established Federal record of sale system. This title also eliminates the existing prohibition on establishing a national firearms registry. Title III introduces several additional prohibitions . It makes it unlawful for any unlicensed person to transfer a firearm to another unlicensed person without first involving a licensed dealer, effectively requiring universal background checks for most private sales, with exceptions for immediate family members and temporary transfers for self-defense or supervised use. Other prohibitions include failing to maintain or permit inspection of records by licensed dealers, failing to report the loss or theft of a qualifying firearm within 72 hours, and failing to notify the Attorney General of a change of address within 60 days. Furthermore, Title III includes a child access prevention provision, making it unlawful to keep a loaded or unsecured firearm where a child could access it, if such access leads to death or serious injury. Exceptions apply if the firearm was secured, the child obtained it during official duties of a peace officer, or the child used it in lawful self-defense. Title IV outlines criminal penalties for violations of these new provisions, with varying terms of imprisonment and fines. Title V directs the Attorney General to establish a firearm injury information clearinghouse , conduct studies on firearm-related deaths and injuries, and collect production and sales figures. Title VI clarifies that the bill does not preempt stricter state laws and allows for the certification of state firearm licensing and record of sale systems if they meet federal requirements. The bill also specifies its relationship to other laws, such as the Arms Export Control Act, and its inapplicability to governmental authorities. Most amendments take effect one year after enactment, with some provisions having earlier effective dates.