The Supporting Conservation through Advancing Local Efforts Act of 2026, or SCALE Act of 2026, amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to establish a new program providing grants to eligible States and Indian Tribes. The primary purpose of these grants is to improve soil health and wildlife habitat on agricultural lands through the implementation of State and Tribal programs. These programs must be broadly consistent with Natural Resources Conservation Service soil health principles and may include technical and financial assistance, on-farm research, education, and monitoring. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to award these grants for fiscal years 2027 through 2031, utilizing $50,000,000 annually from the Commodity Credit Corporation. To receive a grant, eligible States and Indian Tribes must submit an application detailing performance measures and assuring that federal funds will supplement, not replace, existing State or Tribal expenditures. Individual grants are capped at $10,000,000 per fiscal year , are awarded for a 5-year term, and are renewable. States are generally required to provide matching funds in cash or in-kind, though proportional federal funding is available if full matching is not possible. Importantly, the bill stipulates that grants cannot be conditioned on Department of Agriculture requirements or direct modifications to State or local soil health programs, ensuring local autonomy in program design and implementation.