This bill mandates collaborative research and development activities between the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA). The primary goal is to advance mission requirements and priorities in agriculture and food defense , encompassing national security, agricultural resilience, feedstocks for bioindustrial manufacturing, and natural resource management. The Secretaries of Defense and Agriculture are required to establish a memorandum of understanding to formalize coordination and implement a competitive, merit-reviewed process for project selection. The interagency agreement will also provide a framework for public-private partnerships , requiring grant recipients to provide matching non-Federal funds. Research activities must focus on high-payoff potential technologies designed to prepare for, prevent, or mitigate current and projected threats, with an emphasis on technologies dependent on initial Federal investment to incentivize private development. A comprehensive risk management approach will be established to gauge national security implications and protect research through due diligence, monitoring, cybersecurity, and supply chain protection. Specific areas of collaborative research include engineering and technological improvements for the agrifood supply chain, agricultural data architecture utilizing AI/ML, and biological sciences for natural disaster resilience and biosecurity. Other key areas are water, energy, soil, forest, and food management strategies, supply chain security for bioindustrial manufacturing and agrifood, and innovations beneficial to both defense objectives and rural agricultural economies, such as precision agriculture and drones. The bill also addresses wildfire prediction, prevention, and mitigation, and operational resilience to various threats. The Secretaries are authorized to use unobligated funds from the Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority (AARDA) and DoD research, development, testing, and evaluation accounts. Annual reports detailing interagency coordination, achievements, expenditures, and future priorities must be submitted to Congress, with a public version made available. Furthermore, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) will conduct reviews every five years to assess the initiative's effectiveness and impact, ensuring research integrity and security consistent with existing law.