This bill amends the Social Security Act to significantly expand the responsibilities of State Medicaid Fraud Control Units (MFCUs). Currently, these units primarily focus on investigating and prosecuting fraud committed by healthcare providers within the Medicaid program. The proposed changes direct MFCUs to also investigate and prosecute instances of fraud related to the application for or receipt of Medicaid benefits by individuals. This expansion ensures that MFCUs can pursue cases involving beneficiaries who unlawfully obtain or attempt to obtain benefits, thereby broadening the scope of fraud enforcement beyond just providers. These new directives will become effective 180 days following the bill's enactment.