This bill establishes a comprehensive federal program, led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to advance the science and understanding of marine carbon dioxide removal (MCDR). Its primary purposes are to support research, development, and field trials of safe and responsible MCDR, ensure robust monitoring, coordinate federal actions, and facilitate meaningful engagement with affected communities. NOAA's program aims to generate knowledge on MCDR efficacy, environmental and ecosystem responses, and social, cultural, and economic impacts, while also developing best practices for measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification. The program will focus on various MCDR approaches, including ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae cultivation, and nutrient fertilization. NOAA is authorized to award competitive grants for research, with specific funding allocated to support engagement and consultation activities with Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, and coastal communities. The bill mandates data management strategies to ensure collected data is properly stewarded, accessible, and reusable, while explicitly protecting Tribal data sovereignty and requiring consent for publication. For field activities, NOAA will develop infrastructure for rigorous monitoring to understand and minimize negative impacts and maximize co-benefits, incorporating traditional ecological knowledge. The Secretary may designate or establish research areas, including on Tribal lands with consent, to enable basic and applied science, coordinated permitting, and community engagement. These areas will undergo suitability assessments considering oceanographic, ecological, and human use factors, with terms and conditions requiring adherence to a code of conduct and providing community benefits. An interagency working group, co-chaired by NOAA and the Department of Energy, is established to coordinate federal MCDR research, funding, and policy recommendations. This group will develop a federal research plan and a comprehensive code of conduct for MCDR research, requiring open access to data, pre-testing, public disclosure of funding, stakeholder input, and mitigation plans for potential impacts. The code also mandates extensive engagement with State, local, and Tribal governments, as well as affected communities. The interagency working group will publish biennial reports detailing progress, research findings, and barriers to MCDR advancement. Beyond NOAA, the bill tasks the National Science Foundation with supporting MCDR research and workforce development, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration with using its assets for space-based MCDR measurement, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology with developing standards and validating MCDR performance. Appropriations are authorized for these activities from fiscal years 2027 through 2031.