This legislation, titled the "FAA SMS Compliance Review Act of 2026," mandates the establishment of an independent expert panel within 60 days of enactment. The primary purpose of this review panel is to thoroughly evaluate the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) orders and policies to guide the agency in implementing a comprehensive and integrated Safety Management System (SMS) . The review panel's scope is extensive, covering the FAA's SMS compliance with relevant policies, its actual and projected safety enhancements, and the effectiveness of its four core components: safety policy, safety risk management, safety assurance, and safety promotion. It will also examine the FAA's safety culture, the efficacy of its internal audit processes, and the integration of SMS across various lines of business, including the Air Traffic Organization and the Aviation Safety Office. The panel will consist of diverse members, including representatives from NASA, aviation labor organizations, independent subject matter experts, air carriers, and the aerospace industry, with advisory members from the FAA. Within 180 days of its first meeting, the panel must submit a report with its findings and recommendations to the Administrator and Congress. The Administrator is required to publish this report and provide explanations for any recommendations with which they do not concur, ensuring transparency and accountability in enhancing aviation safety.