This legislation, known as the PROTEIN Act, mandates the Secretary of Agriculture to establish at least three research centers of excellence for food and agriculture innovation, with a specific focus on diversifying edible protein sources. These centers will conduct research, development, and education programs related to bioprocessing, biomanufacturing, and the conversion of biomass into proteins and fats, while also addressing student success and workforce development. One of these centers must be led by an 1890 Institution, and the bill authorizes $15,000,000 annually for these centers from fiscal years 2026 through 2030. The bill also establishes two significant grant programs to bolster the alternative protein sector. A Food Biomanufacturing and Production Grant Program will provide at least $10,000,000 per grant to eligible entities for demonstration projects, new commercial-scale facilities, or the retooling of existing facilities for advanced biomanufacturing of edible proteins and fats. Additionally, a Food Bioworkforce Development Grant Program will support training, scholarships, and economic development to cultivate a skilled workforce in food biomanufacturing and bioprocessing. To further national efforts, the legislation directs the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a national program dedicated to protein security within the Agricultural Research Service, focusing on bioprocessing, biomanufacturing, and biomass conversion. It also requires the development of a comprehensive National Strategy on Alternative Proteins , in coordination with multiple federal agencies, to ensure the United States remains a global leader in food biomanufacturing and bioworkforce development. This strategy will consider national security, economic benefits, and existing policies, while explicitly stating that the Act does not support the production of insects for food or animal feed.