The Medical Foods and Formulas Access Act of 2025 addresses the critical need for specialized nutrition for individuals with digestive or inherited metabolic disorders. These patients often require medically necessary food , including formulas, vitamins, and amino acids, to prevent severe health consequences like malnutrition, developmental delays, and even death. Current insurance coverage is often insufficient, as highlighted by the 2022 formula shortage, which demonstrated the dire medical consequences of inaccessible specialized formulas. The bill defines medically necessary food as specially formulated and processed products prescribed by a healthcare practitioner for the dietary management of specific conditions. These conditions include inherited metabolic disorders (such as amino acid disorders and glycogen storage disorders), malabsorption conditions (like short bowel syndrome), food protein allergies (including eosinophilic disorders), and inflammatory or immune-mediated alimentary tract conditions (such as Crohn's disease). It explicitly excludes foods for general risk reduction, weight loss, celiac disease, or diabetes management. To ensure access, the Act mandates coverage for medically necessary food and associated equipment under Medicare , Medicaid , the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) , and the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) . Medicare coverage will apply three years after enactment, while Medicaid and CHIP coverage will take effect two and one years after enactment, respectively, with provisions for states requiring legislative changes. FEHBP coverage begins one year after enactment for contract years. Furthermore, the bill includes a Sense of Congress encouraging private health plans to offer similar coverage for these essential medical foods. It also clarifies that the Act does not preempt state laws providing greater coverage and ensures that coverage extends to combinations of medically necessary foods and necessary medical equipment and supplies.