This bill, titled the "Conscience Protections for Medical Residents Act," amends the Social Security Act to prohibit Medicare-approved medical residency programs from requiring training in induced abortions. It mandates that any training related to performing, assisting in, or counseling/referring for abortions must be voluntarily opted into by the participant. The legislation explicitly forbids programs from providing such training without a voluntary opt-in election from the resident. Furthermore, it prohibits programs from subjecting any participant to discrimination based on their decision not to opt-in to abortion training or their refusal to perform, assist in, or provide counseling or referrals for abortions. This ensures that medical residents are protected from being compelled to participate in abortion-related activities against their conscience.