This bill requires the Secretary of Defense to initiate a two-year pilot program within 180 days of enactment, establishing a comprehensive wastewater surveillance system at no fewer than four military installations. The primary goals are to enhance the testing, identification, and analysis of covered drug usage and to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases among service members at these sites. The pilot program mandates the use of appropriate technologies and a uniform data system across the Department of Defense. It must include at least one system specifically for monitoring covered drugs and another for infectious diseases. The term "covered drug" refers to Schedule I or II controlled substances, with an exclusion for certain newly approved drugs. Upon the pilot program's termination, the Secretary is required to submit a detailed report to the congressional defense committees. This report will summarize findings, offer recommendations for interventions or policy changes based on observed trends, and assess the program's effectiveness in bolstering force health protection and readiness.