The "Judicial Efficiency Improvement Act" aims to enhance the efficiency of the federal judiciary by undertaking a significant restructuring of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. This legislation proposes to divide the existing Ninth Circuit into two distinct appellate circuits, alongside a substantial increase in both circuit and district court judgeships to address growing caseloads. Specifically, the bill establishes a new Ninth Circuit , which will encompass California, Guam, Hawaii, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and will have 18 judges. Concurrently, a new Twelfth Circuit is created, covering Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, with 13 judges. Two additional circuit judges are authorized for the new Ninth Circuit, with their official duty station designated in California. Existing circuit judges from the former Ninth Circuit will be assigned to the new circuits based on their current official duty stations. Senior judges, however, will have the option to elect their assignment to either the new Ninth or Twelfth Circuit. The bill also includes provisions for the temporary assignment of both circuit and district judges between these two new circuits to ensure flexibility in managing judicial workloads. Beyond the appellate court changes, the Act mandates a considerable increase in district court judgeships across numerous federal districts. These new permanent positions will be introduced in phases from 2025 through 2035, affecting districts in states such as California, Florida, Texas, New York, and others. Additionally, three temporary district judgeships are authorized for the Eastern and Northern Districts of Oklahoma. To support these judicial expansions, the bill authorizes appropriations, with funding levels incrementally increasing through fiscal year 2035 and beyond, subject to inflation adjustments. Most of the Act's provisions, including the circuit split, are slated to become effective one year after its enactment, with specific effective dates for the new judgeships.