This bill, titled the "Catastrophic Specialty Hospital Act of 2025," aims to establish new Medicare payment rules for a specific category of long-term care hospitals. It amends the Social Security Act to create a designation for "catastrophic specialty hospitals," which would be exempt from the standard Medicare long-term care hospital prospective payment system and certain payment limitations for cost reporting periods beginning on or after the enactment date. To be designated as a catastrophic specialty hospital, a facility must meet several stringent criteria over a three-year period. These include having at least 80 percent of discharges related to spinal cord or acquired brain injuries, offering a comprehensive continuum of care, and meeting minimum annual discharge volumes for both injury types. Additionally, the hospital must admit at least 30 percent of inpatients from out-of-state and demonstrate a significant commitment to neurorehabilitation research through dedicated personnel, peer-reviewed publications, or specialized training programs. This designation is effective for a three-year period and can be renewed if the hospital continues to meet the specified criteria.