The International Maritime Pollution Accountability Act of 2025 aims to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from the marine shipping industry, recognizing its significant contribution to global carbon dioxide and local air quality issues. This legislation mandates the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish and collect fees from operators of large cargo vessels, termed "covered voyages," for their environmental impact. These fees are designed to incentivize cleaner shipping practices and fund initiatives to decarbonize the maritime sector. Beginning January 1, 2027, the EPA will assess a fee on covered voyage operators based on the lifecycle carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2-e) emissions of fuels consumed. This fee is calculated using the mass of fuel, its CO2-e emissions profile, and a base rate of $150 per metric ton, subject to annual inflation and a 5% increase. The bill includes provisions for a tripled fee for travel in polar regions and reductions if comparable fees have been paid under international agreements like IMO Annex VI. An alternate fee applies to importers for cargo offloaded at foreign ports but ultimately destined for the U.S., prorated by cargo mass and reduced by any fees already paid by the vessel operator. In addition to carbon fees, the bill imposes fees on operators for criteria air pollutants —nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—emitted from fuel consumed within U.S. exclusive economic zones, territorial seas, and internal waters. These fees, also commencing January 1, 2027, are calculated based on fuel mass and pollutant emission rates, with specific dollar amounts per pound of pollutant, adjusted annually for inflation and an additional 5%. The CO2-e fee section will sunset if a global fee system is implemented by the International Maritime Organization or another United Nations agency. A significant portion of the collected fees, starting in fiscal year 2029, will be reinvested into various environmental improvement programs. Twenty-five percent of the funds will go to the Maritime Administration for grants and loans to modernize Jones Act vessels , transitioning them to batteries, low-carbon fuels , or zero-emission technologies. Another twenty-five percent will fund competitive grants through the Department of Energy for research and development in low-carbon maritime fuels and low-emission maritime technologies , prioritizing domestic production, emission reductions, and job creation. The EPA will receive substantial allocations for targeted programs, including ten percent for harbor craft electrification and another ten percent for ferry electrification . Five percent is dedicated to workforce development and training for operating zero-emission port equipment and vessels. An additional five percent will fund increased fenceline air monitoring at port boundaries and in nearby communities, directly addressing local air quality concerns. Finally, the bill allocates fifteen percent of the collected fees to bolster the EPA's existing Clean Ports Program. Three percent will be deposited into the National Oceans and Coastal Security Fund, and two percent will support marine debris reduction initiatives under the Save Our Seas 2.0 Act. This comprehensive approach aims to foster a cleaner, more sustainable maritime industry.