The "Military in Law Enforcement Accountability Act" significantly restricts the Department of Defense's authority to support civilian law enforcement, amending title 10, United States Code. It permits such support only in specific, overwhelming crisis situations, including humanitarian crises, natural disasters, public health emergencies, attacks on critical infrastructure, or domestic terrorist incidents . The President must provide a written justification to Congress explaining how civilian capabilities are being overwhelmed. Any military support is initially capped at 14 days , requiring a joint resolution of approval from Congress for any extension. This resolution follows an expedited legislative process in both chambers, ensuring timely congressional oversight. The bill also prohibits individuals from simultaneously serving in the Department of Defense and civilian law enforcement, with an exception for reservists who must recuse themselves from civilian duties when on active duty. Additionally, the Act broadens the scope of requirements for military and federal law enforcement personnel when assisting civil authorities. Crucially, it establishes a private right of action , allowing aggrieved persons, States, or local governments to file civil lawsuits against the Federal Government for violations, with courts able to award injunctive relief and damages.