The Postpartum Lifeline Act mandates 12-month continuous, full benefit coverage for pregnant and postpartum individuals enrolled in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). This legislation transforms the existing state option for extended postpartum coverage into a federal requirement, ensuring that individuals receive comprehensive healthcare beyond the immediate post-delivery period. It specifically repeals provisions that limited Medicaid coverage for pregnant individuals solely to pregnancy-related services, thereby expanding access to a full range of medical assistance. The bill amends Section 1902 of the Social Security Act for Medicaid and Section 2107(e)(1) for CHIP, making it obligatory for states to provide this extended coverage. The effective date is generally one year after enactment, though states requiring legislative changes are granted additional time. Furthermore, states have the flexibility to implement these provisions earlier if they choose, allowing for quicker expansion of postpartum care.