This legislation aims to protect the fundamental right of parents to direct the upbringing, education, and health care of their children. It asserts that parents hold the primary responsibility and a natural right to care for their children, encompassing the authority to make decisions according to their conscience, beliefs, and religion until adulthood. This parental role is deemed of immense value and warrants protection from all levels of government. The bill mandates that government cannot "substantially burden" this fundamental parental right without demonstrating a compelling governmental interest of the highest order and employing the least restrictive means . A "substantial burden" is broadly defined to include actions that constrain, inhibit, or deny parental rights, or compel contrary actions, such as withholding benefits or assessing penalties. Specific protected rights include directing a child's education, moral or religious upbringing, and making all physical and mental health care decisions. Congressional findings indicate that some federal court decisions and government agency actions have improperly intruded upon parental rights, even without involving abuse or neglect. This Act clarifies that the strict scrutiny test is the appropriate standard for judicial review of government actions affecting these rights. Parents are granted a judicial remedy to raise violations as claims or defenses in court, with provisions for attorney's fees, unless the parental action would result in serious physical injury or end life. The legislation applies broadly to all federal laws and requires a construction that broadly protects parental rights.