This bill, known as the "Mitigating Extreme Lawlessness and Threats Act," aims to amend section 2101 of title 18, United States Code, to significantly enhance the penalties for individuals convicted of rioting. It establishes a tiered penalty structure based on the nature of the offense. For a general violation of rioting, the bill proposes a punishment of a fine, imprisonment for up to ten years , or both. If the defendant commits an act of violence or aids in such an act during a riot, the penalty increases to a fine, imprisonment for not less than one year and not more than ten years, or both. The most severe penalties are reserved for cases where a defendant assaults a Federal law enforcement officer or a member of the uniformed service, carrying a potential sentence of imprisonment for any term of years, but not less than one year, or even life imprisonment , or both.