This legislation, known as the Malheur Community Empowerment for the Owyhee Act, aims to enhance land management and conservation in Malheur County, Oregon, through several key initiatives. It establishes the Malheur County Grazing Management Program on federal lands, managed by the Bureau of Land Management. This program is designed to provide authorized grazing permittees and lessees with increased operational flexibility, such as adjusting grazing seasons or water structure placement, to improve the long-term ecological health of the land. The program requires the Secretary of the Interior to develop flexible grazing alternatives during permit renewals, involving consultation with permittees, federal and state agencies, local tribes, and the public. Cooperative rangeland monitoring plans will be adopted to evaluate ecological improvements or degradations. The bill also includes provisions for a review of the program after eight years, with the possibility of modification or termination if objectives are not met. A significant component is the creation of the Malheur C.E.O. Group , an 18-member body comprising diverse stakeholders including private interests, environmental representatives, tribal members, and agency officials. This group is tasked with proposing and approving eligible projects on both federal and non-federal lands and waters. These projects focus on areas such as ecological restoration, range improvements, invasive species management, water infrastructure, cultural site conservation, and economic development. Projects proposed by the Malheur C.E.O. Group require consensus approval, with federal land projects also needing approval from the relevant federal agency. The bill authorizes annual appropriations of $1,000,000 for fiscal years 2026 through 2036 to support these efforts, with provisions for grants to the group. These activities are intended to supplement existing natural resource management efforts in the county. Furthermore, the bill designates approximately 1,102,393 acres of federal land in Malheur County as new wilderness areas, integrating them into the National Wilderness Preservation System. These areas will be managed in accordance with the Wilderness Act, while allowing for the continuation of established livestock grazing and specific fish and wildlife management activities. The legislation also releases certain Wilderness Study Areas from further wilderness designation. Finally, the Act mandates the conveyance of specific land parcels, including Jonesboro Ranch and portions of Road Gulch and Black Canyon, into trust for the Burns Paiute Tribe , making them part of the Tribe's reservation. It also directs that approximately 2,500 acres in the Castle Rock Wilderness Study Area be held in trust for the Tribe. A Castle Rock Co-Stewardship Area will be established through a memorandum of understanding with the Tribe, ensuring tribal interests and the protection of cultural and natural resources. These trust lands and the co-stewardship area will be withdrawn from public land laws, mining, and mineral leasing.