This legislation amends the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016 to clarify its original intent and address judicial interpretations that have hindered the recovery of Nazi-looted art. It specifically notes that some courts have frustrated the Act's purpose by dismissing lawsuits based on defenses related to the passage of time, such as laches or adverse possession, or other non-merits discretionary defenses like the act of state doctrine. The bill aims to ensure that claims for the recovery of art or property lost due to Nazi persecution are resolved on their substantive merits . To achieve this, the bill explicitly states that defenses based on the passage of time , including laches and adverse possession, may not be applied to otherwise timely claims. Furthermore, non-merits discretionary dismissal bases, such as the act of state doctrine , international comity, and forum non-conveniens, are also precluded. The legislation clarifies that these civil claims are considered actions involving rights in violation of international law for purposes of foreign state immunity, regardless of the victim's nationality. These amendments apply to all relevant civil claims pending on the date of enactment or filed thereafter, ensuring a broader application of the Act's protections.