The AG RESEARCH Act aims to significantly upgrade and modernize agricultural research facilities across the United States by establishing a new competitive grant program. This program, administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, will provide federal funding for the construction, alteration, acquisition, modernization, renovation, or remodeling of facilities and equipment necessary for agricultural research. The bill acknowledges a substantial and growing deferred maintenance backlog at these institutions, totaling $11.5 billion in 2021, which threatens the nation's agricultural competitiveness. To address these needs, the Act provides $1 billion in mandatory funding annually from October 1, 2025, through October 1, 2029, with funds remaining available until expended. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to waive the federal share of costs up to 100 percent on a case-by-case basis. Grant distribution will prioritize equitable geographic distribution , support for diverse institutions, varied agricultural science study areas, and facilities of different sizes, with a cap of 20 percent of funds awarded to projects in any one state.