The "Mapping America's Pharmaceutical Supply Act," or MAPS Act, aims to bolster federal efforts in addressing health and national security risks stemming from vulnerabilities in essential medicine supply chains. It directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS), in coordination with other agencies, to update and maintain an Essential Medicines List . This list will include drugs critical for responding to national threats, those at high risk of shortage, medicines for chronic conditions, and those vital for military preparedness, with regular updates required at least every two years. The Act further mandates a comprehensive risk assessment of these essential medicine supply chains, identifying reliance on high-risk foreign suppliers, domestic manufacturing capabilities, and potential public health and national security risks, including cybersecurity threats. This assessment must also outline how the Federal Government will mitigate such risks. Additionally, the bill requires HHS to establish a system for mapping and visualizing supply chains for essential medicines, from key starting materials to finished products, utilizing data analytics to pinpoint vulnerabilities. Regular reports on the risk assessment findings and the progress of supply chain mapping efforts must be submitted to Congress. The Department of Defense is also required to provide biannual reports on drugs purchased that are sourced or manufactured in the People's Republic of China, while robust cybersecurity measures are mandated to protect sensitive information exchanged.