This legislation, titled the "Save Healthcare Workers Act," aims to protect hospital personnel by creating a new federal offense for assaulting individuals employed by or contracting with hospitals engaged in interstate commerce. The new provision prohibits knowingly assaulting such personnel while they are engaged in or on account of their duties on hospital grounds. This measure seeks to address the growing concern of violence against healthcare workers in their workplaces. The bill specifies penalties for violations, including fines and imprisonment for up to 10 years. Enhanced penalties of up to 20 years imprisonment are prescribed for assaults involving a firearm or dangerous weapon, those resulting in serious bodily injury, or acts committed during a declared public emergency. An affirmative defense is provided for defendants with a physical, mental, or intellectual disability if their conduct was a clear and direct manifestation of that disability and they were unable to appreciate its wrongfulness. Finally, the bill mandates that the Comptroller General of the United States conduct a study. This study will assess the impact of this Act on workplace violence in healthcare settings and evaluate whether federal, state, tribal, and local prosecutions for such violence have increased or decreased due to the ability to prosecute these incidents as federal crimes.