This legislation significantly expands the authority of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to review certain foreign investments, aiming to enhance national security oversight. It amends the Defense Production Act of 1950 to include specific greenfield and brownfield investments as "covered transactions." These newly defined transactions involve the purchase or lease of U.S. real estate and the establishment of a new U.S. business, such as a factory or facility, on that land. Such investments become subject to review if they could result in control of the U.S. business by a foreign country of concern , entities owned or controlled by such a government, or entities with significant government interest or influence. The bill further mandates that parties involved in these newly defined covered transactions must submit a declaration to CFIUS. This ensures rigorous scrutiny of investments from foreign countries of concern to assess potential national security risks.