This bill, the "Freedom of Association in Higher Education Act of 2025," amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to safeguard the rights of students to freely associate with and participate in social organizations, particularly single-sex social organizations . Its primary purpose is to protect students and these organizations from any adverse action by institutions of higher education based solely on their practice of limiting membership to individuals of one sex. The legislation seeks to ensure that students in single-sex social organizations are treated without bias compared to other students or social organizations on campus. The bill prohibits institutions receiving federal funds from taking specific actions against single-sex social organizations or their members. These prohibited actions include requiring students to waive protections, imposing discriminatory recruitment restrictions not applied to other student groups, or taking any adverse action solely due to the organization's single-sex nature. An adverse action encompasses a wide range of penalties, such as expulsion, denial of participation in programs, withholding financial aid, or denying access to housing. However, the bill clarifies that it does not compel institutions to officially recognize any social organization or prevent them from taking action against students for academic or nonacademic misconduct. It also does not inhibit the academic freedom of faculty to express opinions or conduct research on such organizations. The legislation defines a "single-sex social organization" to include social fraternities, sororities, or private social clubs historically or currently limiting membership to one sex.