The Security and Oversight for International Landholdings Act of 2025, or SOIL Act, aims to significantly increase federal oversight of foreign direct investment in agricultural land and real estate within the United States. A primary provision expands the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to review certain transactions, specifically acquisitions or transfers of agricultural land by entities from countries designated as nonmarket economies or identified as posing a national security risk by the Director of National Intelligence. This expansion also applies to real estate transactions within 50 miles of a military installation , excluding residential property, involving similar foreign entities. Beyond expanded review, the bill prohibits any federal assistance or subsidies to persons for agricultural real estate holdings that are wholly or partly owned by entities from these specified nonmarket economy or national security risk countries. To enhance transparency, the SOIL Act strengthens existing disclosure requirements under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978. It mandates reporting for leasing agreements longer than five years for agricultural land and eliminates the minimum acreage requirement , ensuring all foreign-owned agricultural land is disclosed regardless of size. Furthermore, the legislation requires the Secretary to prepare and make publicly available an annual report detailing foreign holdings of agricultural land. This comprehensive report must include an analysis of holdings by country, with specific attention to the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, and provide data on a State-by-State and county-by-county basis. The report will also analyze the sectors and industries for which the agricultural land is used, and be transmitted to State departments of agriculture.