This legislation, known as the "Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act," seeks to improve the care and treatment of pregnant and postpartum individuals within the correctional system. A core provision of the bill is to end the practice of shackling pregnant individuals by imposing a 25 percent reduction in Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Grant Program funds for states that do not implement laws substantially similar to federal prohibitions on such restraints. The bill mandates the Attorney General, through the Bureau of Prisons, to establish model programs in at least six federal facilities within 18 months of enactment. These programs, designed to optimize maternal health outcomes, will operate for five years and may include access to perinatal health workers, nutritional counseling, trauma-informed care training for staff, mental health and substance use disorder treatment, and support for parent-child bonding. Facilities will prioritize those with higher numbers of pregnant and postpartum individuals, especially from demographic groups with elevated adverse maternal outcomes. Furthermore, the Act establishes a grant program, administered by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, to help states and local jurisdictions create or expand similar maternal health programs in their prisons and jails. These grants will support initiatives such as providing comprehensive health services, offering evidence-based education, facilitating reentry assistance, and establishing partnerships for pretrial diversion programs as alternatives to incarceration for pregnant and postpartum individuals. Both the federal model programs and the state grant programs require detailed reporting on their effectiveness, including quantitative indicators of success and qualitative evaluations from participants, with data stratified by various demographic factors. This reporting aims to assess improvements in the standard of care and health outcomes for incarcerated pregnant and postpartum individuals. Finally, the bill directs the Comptroller General of the United States to conduct a comprehensive report on adverse maternal and infant health outcomes among incarcerated individuals, with a particular focus on racial and ethnic disparities. This report will gather data on pregnancy-related deaths, severe maternal morbidity, preterm births, and assess the implications of Medicaid ineligibility during incarceration, offering recommendations to reduce adverse outcomes and address disparities.