This legislation aims to significantly improve the quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of diagnosis in health care by addressing diagnostic errors, which are a leading cause of preventable harm and waste. It establishes a comprehensive, patient-centered research and quality improvement program to assess diagnostic errors, identify common failures, and develop evidence-based strategies for improving diagnostic safety and timeliness. This program includes funding for Research Centers of Diagnostic Excellence and an advisory committee with patient representation to ensure relevance and real-world applicability of research findings. The bill mandates the development of a strategic plan for a patient safety reporting and learning infrastructure, allowing patients and families to voluntarily report diagnostic errors and other adverse events. These reports will be confidential, used solely for public health and learning, and leverage modern data science, including artificial intelligence, to detect safety signals. Additionally, the legislation promotes the standardization and interoperability of key health data elements crucial for diagnostic research and improvement, convening an expert panel to recommend specific data standards. To foster a coordinated federal approach, the bill establishes an Interagency Council on Improving Diagnosis in Health Care , comprising representatives from various federal agencies. This Council will identify research needs, eliminate systemic barriers, and develop a Strategic Federal Plan to Improve Diagnosis with policy recommendations. Finally, the legislation expands eligibility for federal fellowships and training grants to include diagnostic safety and quality research, and incorporates diagnostic safety into quality measure development, ensuring a skilled workforce and robust metrics for progress.