This bill reauthorizes the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, extending its operational period and enhancing its capabilities. It expands the initiative's scope to incorporate data from modern sensing technologies , including advanced geophysical and geochemical methods, along with real-time data acquisition and data-driven analytics. These technological advancements aim to improve the characterization of critical mineral, geothermal, natural hydrogen, and other subsurface resource systems. The bill also mandates the integration of data from the 3D Hydrography Program of the United States Geological Survey and authorizes $84,000,000 for Earth MRI for fiscal years 2027 through 2031, ensuring continued funding for these vital mapping efforts.