This bill, known as the "Countering Russian Trafficking Act," aims to combat the systematic abduction and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children by the Russian Federation since February 2022. Congress finds that these actions, involving thousands of children, constitute a "severe form of trafficking in persons" and a war crime, coordinated by a network of Russian state and non-state actors. These actors, including federal ministries, "patriotic education" camps, and segments of the Russian Orthodox Church, seek to erase Ukrainian national identity and integrate children into Russian society. The legislation mandates that, within 180 days, the President must apply specific measures, including sanctions under Executive Order 13581 and Section 111 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, to those involved. Covered persons include any entity or individual determined to have participated in or facilitated the transfer, deportation, indoctrination, or re-education of Ukrainian children. This broad scope encompasses Russian federal ministries, "rehabilitation" camps, entities of the Russian Orthodox Church, and private adoption agencies operating in occupied Ukrainian territory. The President is also required to submit an unclassified list of these persons to Congress and respond to congressional inquiries regarding potential designees.