This bill seeks to modernize the Controlled Substances Act by introducing updated definitions for several critical terms. It expands the definition of "accepted medical use" to include not only FDA-approved uses but also scientific research and legitimate medical uses recognized by jurisdictions and healthcare practitioners. New definitions are also provided for "dependence liability," "physical dependence," and "psychological dependence," reflecting current scientific understanding of these conditions. Furthermore, the bill clarifies terms like "lack of accepted safety for use," "abuse," "potential for abuse," and "misuse," distinguishing between intentional harmful use and non-prescribed use. It also introduces the concept of "potential benefits to society" to acknowledge broader positive impacts of substances. A significant provision of the bill clarifies the process for scheduling drugs under the Act. It mandates that the Attorney General must defer to the Secretary's scientific and medical evaluation when making scheduling decisions. The Attorney General can only add or transfer a substance to a schedule if the controls are reasonably tailored to protect public health and safety , considering the potential for abuse and dependence liability. Crucially, this process must also ensure preserving access for accepted medical uses and recognizing the potential benefits to society that a drug or substance may offer, aiming for a more balanced approach to regulation.