This bill mandates that hospitals receiving Medicare payments for direct graduate medical education (GME) costs must report specific information regarding the citizenship status of their medical residents. This requirement aims to increase transparency regarding the composition of the medical residency workforce supported by federal funds. Under the proposed amendment to the Social Security Act, hospitals must submit deidentified information on residents' citizenship status to the Secretary of Health and Human Services annually. Failure to comply with this reporting requirement would result in the hospital's residency program not being recognized for GME payment purposes, effectively withholding federal funding for those programs. Following the data collection, the Secretary is directed to compile and submit an annual report to Congress. This report will detail the number and percentage of residents in approved medical residency training programs, disaggregated by state and their specific citizenship or immigration status, including U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and various nonimmigrant visa holders.